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Inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) like multiple sclerosis, neurosyphilis, acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis etc. results in elevation of IgG levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients. This is due to local central nervous system synthesis of IgG. This assay can be used in evaluation of such CNS inflammatory diseases.

This assay is useful for diagnosing & monitoring patients with monoclonal gammopathies. Protein electrophoresis alone is not considered an adequate screening test for monoclonal gammopathies.

Monoclonal gammopathies indicate a clonal expansion of plasma cells or mature B lymphocytes.Immunotyping of monoclonal proteins in the urine done by immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) identifies the monoclonal immunoglobulin heavy-chain (gamma, alpha, mu, delta, or epsilon) and/or light-chain type (kappa or lambda). This aids in the diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathies.

This assay is useful for diagnosing & monitoring patients with monoclonal gammopathies. Protein electrophoresis alone is not considered an adequate screening test for monoclonal gammopathies.

For diagnosis of allergic diseases. A normal IgE level does not exclude the possible presence of an allergic disorders.

This assay is useful for detecting or monitoring monoclonal gammopathies and immune deficiencies.

In normal serum, about 80% is immunoglobulin G (IgG).
Elevations of IgG may be due to polyclonal or monoclonal immunoglobulin production. Monoclonal elevations of IgG characterize monoclonal gammopathies such as multiple myeloma, primary systemic amyloidosis, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and related disorders. Monoclonal gammopathies may lead to a spike in the gamma globulin zone seen on serum protein electrophoresis.
Decreased immunoglobulin levels are found in patients with primary or secondary immune deficiencies.

This assay is useful for diagnosing & monitoring patients with monoclonal gammopathies. Protein electrophoresis alone is not considered an adequate screening test for monoclonal gammopathies.

This assay is useful for diagnosing & monitoring patients with monoclonal gammopathies. Protein electrophoresis alone is not considered an adequate screening test for monoclonal gammopathies.

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

Estrogen and progesterone receptor assays are routinely performed on breast carcinomas to assess responsiveness to endocrine therapy and prognosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

Estrogen and progesterone receptor assays are routinely performed on breast carcinomas to assess responsiveness to endocrine therapy and prognosis

For histopathological diagnosis

S-100 is strongly expressed in melanomas, salivary gland tumors, and Schwann cell tumors

The nature of possible underlying disease can be ruled out/confirmed through histopathological examination

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

For histopathological diagnosis

Trypsinogen is a proenzyme, an inactive precursor to the proteolytic enzyme trypsin. Normally, trypsinogen is produced in the pancreas and transported tothe small intestine. Infants (1 to 2 weeks of age) with cystic
fibrosis, show increased levels of immunoreactive trypsinogen in the neonatal heal-prick test. It is currently the best screening test for cystic fibrosis but cannot be done after the first few weeks
of life since it falls as pancreatic insufficiency develops.

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Infliximab is a chimeric immunoglobulin (IgG1 kappa) targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), and is currently used for
the treatment of multiple inflammatory conditions. Infliximab binds to soluble TNF-a and transmembrane homotrimers.Testing for antibodies to infliximab (ATI) is recommended if there is a loss of response to infliximab.

Infliximab is a chimeric immunoglobulin (IgG1 kappa) targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), and is currently used
for the treatment of multiple inflammatory conditions. Evaluation of infliximab concentrations may be of value for all inflammatory diseases for which it
is prescribed. Primary indications for testing of infliximab include loss of response, partial response on initiation of therapy, autoimmune or hypersensitivity reactions, primary nonresponse, reintroduction after drug holiday, endoscopic/computed tomography enterography recurrence (in inflammatory bowel disease), and acute infusion reactions. Low trough concentrations may be correlated with loss of response to infliximab. Antibodies to Infliximab is also recommended if there is loss of response to the drug.

Influenza is associated with high morbidity and mortality, is preventable by vaccination/ chemoprophylaxis and is treatable by specific antivirals.
The laboratory diagnosis of influenza can help guide the clinical management of influenza patients. Patients with lower respiratory tract illness, especially children and adults with medical conditions increasing their risk for developing complicated influenza, should be considered for rapid influenza virus diagnostic testing. This assay is a qualitative analysis detecting Influenza virus A type and B type antigens in the nasopharyngeal samples using immunochromatography. With this test method, influenza virus infection status can be discriminated with availability of results in a clinically relevant time frame to complement the use of antiviral medications for treatment and chemoprophylaxis.

Monitoring of patients with granulosa cell tumors and epithelial mucinous-type tumors of the ovary known to overexpress inhibin B.

IGF-I (somatomedin-C) measurements are useful in the evaluation of growth deficiencies and acromegaly.

For diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes and insulin-secreting tumors.

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein3 (IGFBP3) is an amino acid peptide produced by the liver. It is the most abundant of
a group of IGFBPs that transport, and control bioavailability and half-life of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), particularly IGF1, the major mediator of the anabolic and growth promoting effects of growth hormone. This assay aids in diagnosing growth disor-
ders, diagnosing adult growth hormone deficiency, monitoring of recombinant human growth hormone treatment. It can
be also used as an adjunct to insulin-like growth factor 1 and growth hormone in the diagnosis and follow-up of acromegaly and gigantism.

For diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes and insulin-secreting tumors.

For diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes and insulin-secreting tumors.

For diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes and insulin-secreting tumors.

For diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes and insulin-secreting tumors.

Intrinsic factor binds the free vitamin B12 and carries it to receptors on the ileal mucosa facilitating its absorption. Most pernicious anemia patients have autoantibodies against gastric parietal cells or intrinsic factor, with the latter being highly specific. This assay aids in confirming the diagnosis of pernicious anemia.

Intrinsic factor, produced by cells lining the stomach, binds vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) to facilitate absorption of the vitamin B12. Blocking antibodies impedes the action of intrinsic factor as observed in approximately half of the patients who develop pernicious anemia.

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Serum measurements are useful in the diagnosis of iron deficiency and hemochromatosis

Islet cell antibodies measurement is a sensitive means to assess risk and predict onset of type 1 diabetes. There is a direct correlation between the antibodies titer and the severity of the autoimmune process.